CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.8

原文標題:

Can China reform?

原文連結:

http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/03/can-china-reform/

原文作者:

Global Public Square staff, 由Jason Miks發表

原文日期:

2013年6月3日

1.8>原文

So China wants to refine and reform its state capitalist model and maintain its political Leninist model. But if its reforms are actually implemented, they will create larger and larger groups of Chinese who think of themselves as middle class, do not owe their livelihood to the government, and seek greater individual autonomy and freedom. Eventually, that tends to produce political change.

1.8>解析

1. refine

變得更好; 改進

2. state capitalist model

國家資本主義模型

3. Leninist

列寧主義的, 重音放在len…

全句maintain its political Leninist model意指在政治上依然維持列寧主義(雖然在國家經濟上要採取資本主義)

4. larger and larger

越來越多(越來越大一群)

larger and larger是兩個相同的形容詞比較級連用的形式

5. Chinese who think of themselves as middle class

認為自己是中產階級的中國人

Note: 此處who為關係代名詞, 代表”某人”, 與前面1.3和1.6提到的皆為同樣的文法概念

出現在1.3à

whose ten years, whose為”某人的”(前中國領導者所領導的十年中), 某人的 = 前中國領導者的

出現在1.6à

political elites that run state-owned enterprises, that為”某人”(經營國營企業的那些政治菁英), 某人 = 政治菁英

出現在1.7à

Chinese who think of themselves as middle class, who為”某人”(認為自己是中產階級的中國人), 某人 = 中國人

6. livelihood

生計(此處意指財產)

7. seek

追求

8. autonomy

自治權, 重音在to…

9. Eventually, that tend(s) to produce political change

終究, 那還是會導致政治上的改變

Note: tend是形容某種走向或是趨勢的方向

本篇文章(part.1~part.8)完結

CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.7

原文標題:

Can China reform?

原文連結:

http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/03/can-china-reform/

原文作者:

Global Public Square staff, 由Jason Miks發表

原文日期:

2013年6月3日

1.7>原文

Keep one thing in mind, though. China's new leaders want growth, modernity and all of that good stuff, but they don't want to become a Western-style liberal democracy. Last January, when Xi went on a speaking tour of the country, he claimed that his reforms do not equal Westernization. One reason why the Soviet Union collapsed, Xi said, was because it wavered on its beliefs.

1.7>解析

1. Keep one thing in mind

記住這件事

2. though

不過

3. a speaking tour

巡迴演說

4. do not equal

不等同於

5. the Soviet Union

蘇聯, 現已解體, 亦即The Union of Socialist Soviet Republics

6. waver(ed) on its beliefs

動搖了自己的信念

請續讀CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.8

CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.6

原文標題:

Can China reform?

原文連結:

http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/03/can-china-reform/

1.6>原文

The question is, will any of it actually happen? Economic reforms everywhere are politically difficult. Beijing's leaders realize that reforms are necessary to boost long-term growth but some of them will actually address public discontent, on issues like corruption. But on the other hand, many reforms will face resistance – from political elites that run state-owned enterprises and local governments that make deals with developers.

So how Beijing navigates these waters will be fascinating to watch. Maybe this week, when Xi Jinping meets President Obama in California, we will learn some more.

1.6>解析

1. politically difficult

在政治上很困難

Note: politically difficult此副詞 + 形容詞的句型與1.2所提到unusually bold的句型相同。

2. some of them

它們之中的某些(此處them是指前文的many reforms, 所以意思是某些改革)

3. address public discontent

引起公眾不滿

Note: 類似的意思也可用reveal public discontent, 例句: The poll reveals public discontent. (民調顯示公眾不滿)

4. state-owned enterprises

國營企業

5. many reforms will face resistance – from political elites that run state-owned enterprises and local governments that make deals with developers

許多改革會遭到抗拒: 來自於那些經營國營企業的政治菁英, 以及與土地開發者做生意的地方政府的抗拒

Note: 請注意以下與前段有關連的部分

解說1à

political elites that run state-owned enterprises以及ocal governments that make deals with developers分別為2個名詞構句, 以and連接, 這樣的句型和1.3的(were marked by) passivity and a lack of courage to reform是一樣的, 都是用and連接兩個名詞(或名詞構句)。

解說2à

political elites that run state-owned enterprises的that是關係代名詞, 用來連接run state-owned enterprises, 意思是指那些經營國營企業的政治菁英。因為這樣的描述很長(run state-owned enterprises), 所以用that這個關係代名詞連接。1.3的whose ten years, whose也是一個關係代名詞, 意思是”某一個人的”。

解說3à

承上述解說2, 這裡的that是關係代名詞, 與1.3連接子句的that作用不一樣; 1.3的have said that the state's command systems need an overhaul裡面的that是用來連接子句the state's command systems need an overhaul。(如何判斷是一個子句? 子句是一個完整的句子, 會有一個動詞, 在這裡是need; 會有一個主詞, 在這裡是the state's command systems)

請續讀CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.7

CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.5

原文標題:

Can China reform?

原文連結:

http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/03/can-china-reform/

1.5>原文

More from CNN: Is Chinese dream a fantasy?

China has had remarkable growth, but the buildup of these conditions is beginning to show. Foreign investment is declining; trade with Europe and the United States is slowing. According to a recent survey, more than a third of U.S. companies in China say that their business there is hindered by state favoritism for Chinese companies. The same survey also reveals that the two biggest perceived risks in China are an economic slowdown, and rising labor costs.

In short, there is a strong case to be made for a round of serious reforms in China.

1. buildup of these conditions is beginning to show

中國特有的市場條件正逐漸顯現出後果

(由前後文推斷, 意指任人唯親、行賄文化等現象)

2. hindered by state favoritism for Chinese companies

被中國的國家保護主義給阻礙

Note: hinder是阻礙, 在這裡hinder加了ed變成hindered, 這個ed並不是過去式, 而是代表被動式, 意指”被阻礙”(美商公司在中國的生意被國家保護主義給阻礙)。

3. In short

總之

4. there is a strong case to be made for a round of serious reforms in China

我們確信在中國施行一系列的積極改革是有必要的

Note 1: “case”在此處是指非常可信的某種說法, 除了a strong case, 也可以說a good case, 或是a clear case, 基本上這些說法都是想強調某個論點的可信。

Note 2: “seroious”在此處是指”當真的”、”來真的”, 而不是指嚴肅; 因為這兩種詞義皆可當形容詞解, 有時會混淆, 所以是要看前後文推測出恰當的詞義。

請續讀CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.6

CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.4

原文標題:

Can China reform?

原文連結:

http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/03/can-china-reform/

1.4>原文

Corruption flourished under their watch: China is ranked only as the 80th most clean country in the world by Transparency International in its latest corruption index. State controls, nepotism and a culture of bribery made it difficult to do business: the World Bank ranked China 91st in the world – behind the likes of Azerbaijan and the Kyrgyz Republic.

1.4>解析

1. Transparency International

透明國際是一個監察貪污腐敗的國際非政府組織, 每年公布”清廉指數”(corruption index)。

2. nepotism

任用時偏袒自家人(或有血緣關係的親戚); 任人唯親

3. a culture of bribery

送禮文化; 紅包文化

a culture of + N

具有某種特質的文化

bribery

賄賂

4. made it difficult to do business

很難做生意

Sth + make it + adj. + to V

某事使某事變得很…

例句: Your laziness makes it impossible to succeed.

“laziness”(懶惰)讓”succeed”(成功)變得很不可能。

5. Azerbaijan

亞塞拜然, 鄰近伊朗

6. Kyrgyz Republic

吉爾吉斯, 鄰近新疆

Kyrgyz重音在kyr

請續讀CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.5

CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.3

原文標題:

Can China reform?

原文連結:

http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/03/can-china-reform/

1.3>原文

Li's comments may sound radical, but they're part of a trend. For many months now, the two most powerful people in Beijing, Li and President Xi Jinping, have said that the state's command systems need an overhaul. In fact, this is criticism of their predecessors – Wen Jiabao and Hu Jintao – whose ten years in office were marked by passivity and a lack of courage to reform.

1.3>解析

1. may sound radical

也許聽來激進

may sound + adj.

也許聽來…

例句: This may sound surreal, but it’s true.

這聽來也許很超現實, 但是是真的。

(surreal和true恰好相反, 適用於語氣有轉折的情況)

2. part of a trend

趨勢的一部分

sth + be part of a trend

某事是當前的趨勢

3. President Xi Jinping

中國國家主席習近平

4. the state's command systems need an overhaul

國家的指揮體系需要徹底檢修

Note: 原句”have said that the state's command systems need an overhaul”裡面”the state's command systems need an overhaul”接在that後面, 是一個that子句, 全句代表中國領導人說了某件事, 而那件事就是that子句所描述的內容, 亦即國家的指揮體系需要徹底檢修。通常要描述的事情很長的時候, 就會使用that子句的句型。

5. predecessor(s)

前任; 前輩, 有時引申為被取代的前任事物, 不一定是人

6. Wen Jiabao and Hu Jintao

中國第六任國家主席胡錦濤及當時的國務院總理溫家寶

7. whose ten years

某人的十年

Note: whose為關係代名詞, 意思是”某人的”, 至於某人是指誰要看whose前面放了什麼人, 在這裡是指胡錦濤與溫家寶執政的十年。

8. were marked by

以某事為記(以某事為特色)

9. a lack of courage to reform

缺乏改革的勇氣

Note: 這裡a lack of courage to reform是名詞片語, 雖然中文翻成缺乏, 但不是動詞, 是名詞, 因此可以兩個名詞(或名詞片語)以and連接。原文中有兩個名詞(或名詞片語), 第一個是passivity, 第二個是a lack of courage to reform, 兩者以and連接放在marked by後面做為受詞。整句的意思就是: 胡錦濤與溫家寶執政的十年中, 最著名是以消極與缺乏改革的勇氣為特色。

請續讀CNN文章導讀: 中國改革 part.4